ترجمه چند تا از موضوعات مهم ژنتیک

ترجمه چند تا از موضوعات مهم ژنتیک

این مجموعه شامل ترجمه 5 مقاله از مباحث ژنتیک می باشد و همچنین یک پاورپوینت بصورت اشانتیون برای شما در نظر گرفته شده است.

مباحث:

• نقش کروموزوم‌های پلی‌تن
• ساختار ژن White
• کاریوتایپ
• سندرم داون
• میتوز و میوز

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مقاله اسکلروزیس آمیوتروفیک جانبی به زبان انگلیسی

مقاله اسکلروزیس آمیوتروفیک جانبی به زبان انگلیسی

اسکلروزیس آمیوتروفیک جانبی (بیماری لو گرینگ) و سایر بیماری های موتور نورون

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) and Other Motor Neuron Diseases

چکیده:

  Motor neuron diseases are characterized by weakness and wasting of affected muscles, without accompanying sensory changes. Werdnig-Hoffman disease and Kugelberg-Welander syndrome occur in infants or children. Motor neuron disease in adults generally commences between 30 and 60 years of age. There is degeneration of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord, the motor nuclei of the lower cranial nerves, and the corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways. The disorder is usually sporadic, but familial cases may occur.

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مقاله در مورد اختلالات آلرژیک به زبان انگلیسی

مقاله در مورد اختلالات آلرژیک به زبان انگلیسی Allergic Disorders

چکیده (ترجمه ماشینی) : بیماری های آلرژیک به تاثیر قابل توجهی است که بیماری های آلرژیک بر سلامت کودکان و کیفیت زندگی. بیماری های آلرژیک، از جمله آسم، در میان علل عمده بیماری های مزمن در ایالات متحده هستند، تحت تاثیر قرار حدود 50 میلیون نفر و یا به عنوان بسیاری از یکی در پنج فرزندان. تاثیر اقتصادی بسیار زیاد است؛ آسم به تنهایی است تخمین زده می شود به هزینه بیش از 6.2 میلیارد دلار از مراقبت های بهداشتی هزینه های سالانه. از تمام بیماری های مزمن، مشکلات تنفسی آلرژیک، از جمله آسم، شایعترین علت است. غیبت از مدرسه. حتی اگر بیماری آلرژیک معمولا کشنده نیست، مرگ می تواند به عنوان یک نتیجه از آنافیلاکسی آلرژیک مربوط به دارو، غذا، یا حساسیت به سم حشره و یا از عوارض آسم. بنابراین، پزشک اطفال باید قادر به تشخیص بیماری های آلرژیک، تا که به سازمان مدیریت مناسب. این بررسی آن دسته از ویژگی های تشخیصی توسط مسلم و قطعی نیست تاکید شرح حال و معاینه فیزیکی و همچنین مطالعات آزمایشگاهی مناسب در تشخیص تنفس (استنشاق) مفید و دستگاه گوارش (مواد غذایی) آلرژی...

چکیده متن به زبان اصلی:

  Allergic illnesses have a significant impact that allergic diseases have on children"s health and quality of life. Allergic diseases, including asthma, are among the major causes of chronic illnesses in the United States, affecting approximately 50 million patients or as many as one in five children. The economic impact is enormous; asthma alone is estimated to cost more than 6.2 billion dollars of health care expenditures annually. Of all the chronic illnesses, allergic respiratory problems, including allergic asthma, is the most common cause of school absenteeism. Even though allergic disease usually is not fatal, death can result as a consequence of allergic anaphylaxis related to medication, food, or insect venom allergy or from a complication of asthma. Therefore, the pediatrician must be capable of diagnosing allergic disease so as to institute appropriate management. This review will emphasize those clinical diagnostic features ascertained by history and physical examination as well as the appropriate laboratory studies useful in the diagnosis of respiratory (inhalant) and gastrointestinal (food) allergy.

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مقاله پزشکی نوجوانان به زبان انگلیسی

مقاله پزشکی نوجوانان به زبان انگلیسی Adolescent Medicine

پزشکی نوجوانان - جین پیترسون، M.D.

سرفصل ها:

• رشد و توسعه نوجوانان
• فیزیولوژی کرک
• نتایج کرک از کاهش حساسیت محور به
• بازخورد منفی
• محرک تخمک گذاری GnRH باعث تحریک تولید هورمونهای LH و FSH را تحریک
• تخمدان ها و بیضه ها را به استروژن و تستوسترون
• توسعه فیزیکی
• ویژگی های جنسی ثانویه
• چوب بست تنر از سینه
• Gynecomastia از
• مراحل توسعه بین موهای ناحیه تناسلی
• مسائل مربوط به پذیرش در نوجوانی
• مواد و روش ها بهبود پذیرش
• و...

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مقاله فناوری پیشگیری از بارداری به زبان انگلیسی

مقاله فناوری پیشگیری از بارداری به زبان انگلیسی

Contraceptive Technology - David Stanford, M.D.

چکیده:

We are not really just talking about contraception, we are talking about sexuality. We are talking about women that are going to have sexual intercourse. So we have to have a realistic view of contraception and know that what we are trying to do is make having sexual intercourse a fun, safe activity for our patients. Women are at risk for having an unwanted sexually transmitted disease, that is pregnancy if they don"t want to get pregnant, or other unwanted sexually transmitted diseases which are the whole litany that you have probably heard about at some point. Another thing about contraception is that there is a lot of bad information out there. Very few are actually getting their contraceptive information from their physician. You know the boyfriend is just going to say, "Ah. Don"t worry about it." You know that the media is only going to dramatize the negative aspects. How many news articles or articles in women"s journals have you read that list all the non-contraceptive health benefits of oral contraceptives? None. They all tell about the major risk factors of contraceptives.

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مقاله اختلالات دماغی به زبان انگلیسی

مقاله اختلالات دماغی به زبان انگلیسی

Cerebral Palsy

چکیده:

Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a nonprogressive disorder of posture and movement, often associated with epilepsy and abnormalities of speech, vision, and intellect resulting from a defect or lesion of the developing brain. CP is a common disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 2/1,000 population. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY. The reported the prevalence rate of CP is 4/1,000 live births. Birth asphyxia was an uncommon cause of CP; moreover, most high-risk pregnancies resulted in neurologically normal children. Although a cause for CP could not be identified in most cases, a substantial number of children with CP had congenital anomalies external to the central nervous system (CNS), which may have placed them at increased risk for developing asphyxia during the perinatal period. An Australian study comparing children with spastic CP with a group of matched controls had similar findings. Less than 10% of children with CP had evidence of intrapartum asphyxia. Although the increased survival of premature infants from improved perinatal care has resulted in more children with CP, the rate did not increase. These studies suggest that future developments aimed at enhancing perinatal care will have minimal impact on the incidence of CP and that research might be directed more profitably to the field of developmental biology in order to understand the pathogenesis of CP.

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مقاله سندرم تونل کارپ به زبان انگلیسی

مقاله سندرم تونل کارپ به زبان انگلیسی

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

چکیده:

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder characterized by pain, burning , and tingling of the palmar surface of the hand, resulting from compression of the median nerve between the carpal ligament and other structures within the carpal tunnel (entrapment neuropathy). The volume of the contents of the tunnel can be increased by organic lesions such as synovitis of the tendon sheaths or carpal joints, recent or malhealed fractures, tumors, and occasionally congenital anomalies. Even though no anatomic lesion is apparent, flattening or even circumferential constriction of the median nerve may be observed during operative section of the ligament. The disorder may occur in pregnancy, is seen in individuals with a history of repetitive use of the hands, and may follow injuries of the wrists. A familial type of carpal tunnel syndrome has been reported in which no etiologic factor can be identified. Carpal tunnel syndrome can also be a feature of many systemic diseases: rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic disorders (inflammatory tenosynovitis); myxedema, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and leukemia (tissue infiltration); acromegaly; hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, and diabetes mellitus.

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مقاله عفونت قلبی اندوکاردیت به زبان انگلیسی

مقاله عفونت قلبی اندوکاردیت ، تب روماتیسمی، ورم عضله قلب و بیماری کاوازاکی به زبان انگلیسی

Cardiac Infections Endocarditis, Rheumatic Fever, Myocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease - Janet Wong, M.D.

چکیده:

fective endocarditis. Streptococci and Staphylococci make up a very large fraction of cases of infective endocarditis, with Streptococci accounting for 50 to 60% of such infections and Staphylococci accounting for another 25%. The viridans group of Streptococci includes the nutritionally variant organism which now has a new genus. They are now called abiotrophia. Abiotrophia  defectivus. These are organisms that look like a viridans or any green hemolytic Streptococci that have unusual nutritional requirements. Enterococci. Enterococcal infections are much less common in kids then they are in adults, and it is certainly true for endocarditis. Occasionally, we have seen other Streptococcal organisms.  Strep pneumoniae  in beta hemolytic Streptococci, such as group C and T, Bs occasionally. So, this is the predominant group of origin. The two situations in which Staphylococci are particularly common, as far as this hemolytic carditis, are in the postoperative patient and in the patient who developed endocarditis in a normal heart.

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مقاله تصویربرداری غیر تهاجمی قلبی به زبان انگلیسی

مقاله تصویربرداری غیر تهاجمی قلبی به زبان انگلیسی

Non-invasive Cardiac Imaging - Janet Wong, M.D.

چکیده:

The chest X-ray provides information about the size and configuration of the heart and great vessels, as well as pulmonary vasculature, and pleural effusions. Cardiac chamber dilation, rather than wall thickening is generally perceived as an alteration in cardiac silhouette. Routinely posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest films are obtained. Enlargement of the fight atrium may cause bulging of the heart to the fight on the PA film, while fight ventricular enlargement is generally perceived as a filling of the anterior clear space on the lateral film. Left atrial enlargement may be detected by an upward displacement of the left main-stem bronchus, or posterior displacement of the barium filled esophagus on lateral films. Left ventricular enlargement is the most common finding on chest x-ray, generally results in an increased cardiothoracic ratio (>  0.50). Pericardial effusions may be suspected by an enlarged cardiac silhouette with "water bottle" appearance. Fluoroscopy, more often performed in the cardiac catheterization suite, generally confirms minimal motion of cardiac borders. Fluoroscopy is also more sensitive for detection of cardiac valve calcium as well as epicardial calcium (see cine CT). The chest x-ray is also helpful to demonstrate upper zone redistribution, pleural effusions, and Kerley B-lines indicative of congestive heart failure.

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مقاله در مورد عفونت استخوان و مفصل به زبان انگلیسی

مقاله در مورد عفونت استخوان و مفصل به زبان انگلیسی

Bone and Joint Infections - Janet Wong, M.D.

چکیده:

What is thought to happen from the hematogenesis standpoint is that the during a course of bacteremia, as the organisms enter into the bone through the nutrient artery towards the growth plate, there are these loose capillaries that are said to have sluggish blood flow in them. It is also thought that maybe there is a fully developed reticulum within this system. There does seem to be evidence of low oxygen within the metaphysis, and we always hear about this preceding history of trauma as a possibly predisposing factor. Perhaps this is simply disruptive blood flow, but the history of trauma to children is common, and it is hard to know what really this is contributing to the pathogenesis. The nutrient artery penetrates into the diaphysis of the bone, moving up into the metaphysis and making a hairpin turn at the epiphysis. This is why it is in a long individual, at least for the tubular long bones, that osteomyelitis is more common at the ends of the bones because of these here hairpin turns.

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